Petabit-per-second Transmission: In 2020, researchers achieved a data transmission rate of 1. That's equivalent to sending 127,500 GB of data per second - enough to transfer 1,600 hours of 4K video in just one second. All together, the combination of O, E, S, C, L, and U bands enables the new technology to push a staggering 402 terabits per second (Tbps) through the kinds of fiber optic cables that are already in the ground and underneath the oceans. Fiber internet's popularity. Fiber optic cable speed refers to the rate at which data travels through optical fibers, measured in bits per second (bps), such as Mbps (megabits per second), Gbps (gigabits per second), or even Tbps (terabits per second). Here's how it works: Data Encoding: Information is converted into binary code (1s and 0s).